Data on cetacean strandings (1999 - 2014) on the Ukrainian coast of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and adjoining areas

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Vishnyakova K, Gol'din P (2016): Data on cetacean strandings (1999 - 2013) on the Ukrainian coast of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and adjoining areas. v1.3. Ukrainian Scientific Centre of Ecology of the Sea (UkrSCES). Dataset/Occurrence. http://gp.sea.gov.ua:8082/ipt/resource?r=cetacean_strandings_data_bs_as&v=1.3

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此資料的發布者及權利單位為 Ukrainian Scientific Centre of Ecology of the Sea (UkrSCES)。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License.

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關鍵字

Occurrence; Black Sea; The Sea of Azov; cetaceans; Phocoena; Delphinus; Tursiops; Observation; strandings

聯絡資訊

地理涵蓋範圍

Observation were conducted on the coastal areas of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in Ukraine and adjoining areas of Russia (Taman Peninsula).

分類群涵蓋範圍

Three cetacean species inhabiting the region have been recorded.

時間涵蓋範圍

計畫資料

The dissertation is the first complex comparison of two cetacean populations in the Black Sea region by morphological and demographic criteria. Due to different habitat conditions and reproductive isolation, porpoises diverge at least into two populations which are separated by little distance. Azov porpoises are larger than those from the north-eastern Black Sea in overall body size, and they are also distinct in their body proportions. Notably, extremely small animals were observed during the period of study. Also, Azov and Black Sea porpoises significantly differ in skull size and proportions, and they can be discriminated with 100% success just by four skull measurements. It is suggested that the skull shape is an adaptation to different habitat conditions. Life span in the north-eastern Black Sea is very long, up to 23 years which is close to maximum, whereas in the Sea of Azov it is short and declining. Generation time varies between 6.5 and 7.5 years, also being greater in the Black Sea. For the first time comparative demography of two porpoise population was studied in the eastern hemisphere. Life tables with bycatch estimates were obtained based on Siler models, using Bayesian interference (Moore and Read, 2008). It was found that despite extremely high fecundity (95%), incidental bycatch eliminates so big portion of juvenile and sub-adult animals that the definite number of adult females is too small for enabling sustainable population growth. However, seasonal maximum of porpoise mortality does not coincide with season of intensive fish catches in the Sea of Azov. On the contrary, stranding peaks follow reproductive seasonality, and in the sea of Azov they occur a month later than in the Black Sea. The stranding rate in the Sea of Azov is extremely high in comparison with other world region due to physical conditions in the shallow sea and high bycatch rate. It is shown that the Azov population was already affected by burden of bycatch in early 2000s, and despite bycatch reduction during 2003-10, it became exhausted. Population dynamics was reconstructed, based on survival and mortality rates obtained from three demographic models for 2000-02, 2006-08 and 2011-13. Therefore, in 2001-13 the abundance of the Azov population declined more than twice. The greatest factor of mortality was incidental bycatch. In some years, its contribution into population decline reached 25%. Bycatch is the main cause of decline of porpoise populations in the whole region. Time-area closure measures were proposed as the main recommendation for conservation of the endangered population.

參與計畫的人員:

取樣方法

The data for this study were obtained in the course of routine regular monitoring surveys of the 35-km-long coastal area on the southern side of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait west to the Fonar Cape during 15 years, in 1999–2014 (except 2004), a 15-km-long coastal area between Novofedorovka and Nikolaevka on the northern Black Sea coast in Crimea, and irregular findings on other coastal areas. All skeletal remains and incomplete carcasses, as well as carcasses at various stages of decomposition, were recorded. Age, sex and status of sexual maturity were identified.

方法步驟描述:

1. All the findings were recorded following a standard protocol which included geographical coordinates, all the biological characteristics, and, since 2005, photographs of a carcass identifying its species and environmental conditions.

引用文獻

1. Vishnyakova, K., Gol’din, P. 2015. Seasonality of strandings and bycatch of harbour porpoises in the Sea of Azov: the effects of fisheries, weather conditions and life history. ICES Journal of Marine Science 72(3): 981–991.
2. Vishnyakova, K., Gol’din, P. 2015. Seasonality of strandings and bycatch of harbour porpoises in the Sea of Azov: the effects of fisheries, weather conditions and life history. ICES Journal of Marine Science 72(3): 981–991. Vishnyakova, K., Gol’din, P. 2015. Cetacean stranding rate correlates with fish stock dynamics: Research of harbour porpoises in the Sea of Azov. Marine Biology 162:359–366.
3. Gol’din, P. E., Vishnyakova, K. A., Gladilina, E. V. 2013. Taphonomy of stranded small cetaceans: general aspects and impact of the coast Scientific Notes of Taurida V.I. Vernadsky National University. Series Biology, chemistry. 26 (65), 3. – P. 45–53
4. Gol’din, P. E. 2008. Findings of cetaceans at the coast of Crimea in 1999-2003. In: Findings of Animals Listed in The Red Data Book of Ukraine. – Kiev. – P. 54–61. (In Ukrainian).

額外的詮釋資料